Communication between the temporomandibular joint articular space and the extradural space in patients with temporal bone pneumatization: implications for temporomandibular joint surgery.

The pneumatization of the articular portion of the temporal bone is an anatomical variant that can modify the barrier between the articular space and the middle cranial fossa. Thus, this study aimed to identify the presence and degree of pneumatization, as well as the existence of pneumatic cell dehiscence towards the extradural or articular space determining whether it could lead to direct communication between the articular and extradural spaces. Hence, One-hundred skull computed tomography images were selected. The presence and extension of pneumatization were classified according to scores 0, 1, 2, and 3. Dehiscence towards extradural and articular spaces was recorded. In total, 200 TMJ from 100 patients were assessed and 40.5% of pneumatization cases were observed. The most prevalent score was 0 (restricted to the mastoid process), while the least prevalent score was 3 (extending beyond the crest of articular eminence). Dehiscence of the pneumatic cells towards the extradural space is more common than towards the articular space. One complete communication between the extradural and articular spaces was observed. Considering the results, it was concluded that to avoid neurological and ontological complications, awareness of the potential anatomical communications between articular and extradural spaces, particularly in patients with extensive pneumatisation, is necessary.

How reliable are follow-up studies on odontogenic keratocysts?

Follow-up studies on odontogenic keratocysts have reported widely varying recurrence rates. This raises the question of how reliable these studies are and how the results should be interpreted. The aim of this study was to critically assess the information from all follow-up studies published since 2004 against a set of criteria to determine how thorough the study was. These criteria include the exclusion of the orthokeratinized variant, exclusion of cysts associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, and appropriate reporting of dropouts. A search of four electronic databases covering the years 2004-2022 was performed. Only studies with a sufficient follow-up period (covering a range of 1-8 years) were included. Studies with fewer than 40 cases were excluded. Fourteen relevant studies were identified in the literature search. The vast majority of these studies had considerable shortcomings, giving rise to serious doubts about the validity of their recurrence rate results. Of note, these studies have often been included in meta-analyses that report on the best treatment options to reduce the tendency of recurrences. The results of this review strongly suggest that multicentre studies with strict protocols should be performed to advance knowledge of the presentation of recurrences, both the timing and frequency.

The significance of recurrent odontogenic keratocysts in bone grafts.

A comprehensive literature review identified 10 reported cases of recurrent odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) in bone grafts. Seven of them were sufficiently documented for further analysis. All except one of the patients had a long history of repeated recurrences. They were all approached via an extraoral route, avoiding a mucosal perforation, when the bone graft was placed after a segmental resection. In three cases, this was also true for the primary treatment. The origin of the recurrences is considered to be the oral mucosa, almost certainly involving the proliferation of epithelial islands or microcysts that were close to the original OKC. A plea is made to avoid segmental or marginal resections for this lesion and to pay attention to possible epithelial islands/microcysts in the overlying attached mucosa in the case where marsupialization is preferred.

Quantificação de metabólitos secundários e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de algumas plantas selecionadas do Cerrado de Mato Grosso / Quantification of secondary metabolites and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some medicinal plants from the Cerrado of the Mato Grosso

RESUMO Extratos etanólicos de Luehea paniculata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Cariniana rubra, Hancornia speciosa, Qualea grandiflora, Kielmeyera coriaceae e Palicourea rigida, coletadas no Cerrado de Mato Grosso foram submetidos à análise fitoquímica preliminar para identificação das principais classes de metabolitos secundários e à quantificação do teor de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides e cumarinas. O estudo também descreve a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e a toxicidade preliminar frente a larvas de Artemia salina. Os extratos de C. rubra e Q. grandiflora foram os mais ativos contra as cepas fúngicas de C. neoformans (CIM 3,91 µg/mL), C. krusei(CIM 15,63 µg/mL), C. parapsilosis (CIM 31,25 µg/mL) e C. albicans (CIM 62,5 µg/mL), ambos com os mesmos resultados para estes microrganismos. Em relação às cepas bacterianas a mais sensível foi S. aureus com CIM de 250 µg/mL para todos os extratos testados. Luhea paniculata e Q. grandiflora foram as espécies vegetais mais ativas contra E. coli (CIM 500 e 250 µg/mL, respectivamente) e E. faecalis (CIM 250 e 500 µg/mL, respectivamente). No teste do DPPH, merece destaque as espécies K. coriaceae (Ca) (IC50 = 0,72 ± 0,51 μg /mL), K. coriaceae (Fo) (IC50 = 1,34 ± 0,53 μg /mL), H. speciosa (Fo)(IC50 = 1,03 ± 0,52 μg /mL), Q. grandiflora (Fo) (IC50 = 1,31 ± 0,19 μg /mL) e P. rigida (Fo) (IC50 = 1,39 ± 0,53 μg /mL). Com exceção de L. paniculata(Fo), que apresentou IC50 de 14,40 ± 0,34 μg /mL e teor de flavonoides de 295,5 mg/g, todas as espécies que tiverem significativa atividade no teste do DPPH, também apresentaram teor de flavonoides semelhante ao padrão, ou seja, H. speciosa (Fo) (280,5 mg/g), Q. grandiflora(Fo) (260,5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Ca) (250,5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Fo) (235,5 mg/g). Quanto à determinação de fenóis totais e cumarinas os resultados foram inferiores quando comparados aos padrões.

ABSTRACT Ethanol extracts of Luehea paniculata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Cariniana rubra, Hancornia speciosa, Qualea grandiflora, Kielmeyera coriaceae and Palicourea rigida, collected in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso went through preliminary phytochemical analysis in order to identify major classes of secondary metabolites and also to quantify the total content of phenolics, flavonoids and coumarins. The study also describes the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and the toxicity of the larva of Artemia salina. The C. rubra extracts and the Q. grandiflora were the most active against fungal strains of C. neoformans (MIC 3.91 µg/ml), C. krusei (MIC 15.63 µg/ml), C. parapsilosis(31.25 MIC µg/ml) and C. albicans (MIC 62.5 µg/ml), both with the same results for these organisms. Regarding the bacterial strains, the most sensitive one was the S. aureus with 250 µg/ml MIC for all the tested extracts. The Luhea paniculata and the Q. grandiflora were the most active against E. coli species (MIC 500 and 250 µg/ml, respectively) and E. faecalis (MIC 250 and 500 µg/ml, respectively). In the test of DPPH, K. coriaceae (Ca) (IC50 = 0.72 ± 0.51 µg/mL), K. coriaceae (Fo) (IC50 = 1.34 ± 0.53 µg/mL), H. speciosa (Fo) (IC50= 1.03 ± 0.52 µg/mL), Q. grandiflora (Fo) (IC50 = 1.31 ± 0.19 µg/ml) and P. rigida (Fo) (1.39 ± 0,53 µg/ml) stood out. With the exception of the L. paniculata (Fo), which showed an IC50 of 14.40 ± 0.34 µg/ml and a flavonoid content of 295.5 mg/g, all species that had significant activity in the DPPH test, also showed flavonoid content similar to the standard one, or H. speciosa (Fo) (280.5 mg/g) Q. grandiflora (Fo) (260.5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Ca) (250.5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Fo) (235.5 mg/g).

[Suggestions for stress relieve at the workplace: opinion of postgraduate nurses]. / Agentes estressores no trabalho e sugestões para amenizá-los: opiniões de enfermeiros de pós-graduação.

The work overload, relationship and communication problems, institution's characteristics and ambiental pollution were the stressing organization agents with the greatest punctuation in this study composed by 30 nurses. The work planning, work humanization, suitable human resources, improving communication and continued education were the suggestions given by nurses to minimize these stressing organizational agents. Analysing the stressing extra organizational agents, economic and familiar problems, work distance and transportation to work, were the most pointed.